See manace in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hatred",
"orig": "enm:Hatred",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "menace"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"menace",
"menace#Old_French"
],
[
"manace",
"manace#Old_French"
],
[
"minācia",
"minacia#Latin"
],
[
"mināx",
"minax#Latin"
],
[
"c.",
"circa"
],
[
"manance",
"manance#Middle_English"
],
[
"manaunce",
"manaunce#Middle_English"
],
[
"manaunce",
"manaunce#Old_French"
],
[
"-aunce",
"-aunce#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "menace"
},
"expansion": "Old French menace",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "minācia",
"4": "",
"5": "threat"
},
"expansion": "Latin minācia (“threat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1300"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1300",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-nor",
"2": "manance"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English manance",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "manaunce"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman manaunce",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French menace, manace, from Latin minācia (“threat”), a noun based on mināx (“threatening”). First attested in c. 1300.\nNorthern Middle English manance, manaunce are either from Anglo-Norman manaunce or are alterations after -aunce parallel to it.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "manaces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manaass",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manas",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manass",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manasse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manece",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manance",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "manauce",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "manaunce",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "manace",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "manace (plural manaces)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "manacen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A perceived threat or danger."
],
"id": "en-manace-enm-noun-1dPKhINd",
"links": [
[
"perceived",
"perceived"
],
[
"threat",
"threat"
],
[
"danger",
"danger"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"english": "But even then, they've supported them because of threats: / otherwise the same poor men would've taken their possessions. So therefore it seems like poverty is the whole and main cause of every such rising.",
"ref": "c. 1471, Joh[annes] fforteſcue, “Heꝛe aft͛ ys schewyd what haꝛme would come to Englond yf the cȏmons theꝛof weꝛe pooꝛe”, in [Governance of England] (Bodleian MS. Digby 145), Adrıan[us] ffoꝛteſcu, published 1532, folio [149, recto]; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 16 August 2022:",
"text": "But yet often tymes thay haue gone wᵗ thaym thoꝛowgh manaſys / oꝛ els the ſame poor mēn would haue takyn theır goodꝰ / wheꝛyn ıt ſemyth that pou͛tye hath byn the hole ⁊ cheffe cauſe off al ſuche ryſyng",
"translation": "But even then, they've supported them because of threats: / otherwise the same poor men would've taken their possessions. So therefore it seems like poverty is the whole and main cause of every such rising.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of threatening."
],
"id": "en-manace-enm-noun-XCt6XvCa",
"links": [
[
"threatening",
"threatening"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈnaːs(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmanas(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "manace"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hatred",
"orig": "enm:Hatred",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "manace",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "manacen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of manacen"
],
"id": "en-manace-enm-verb-Y7v~vgr7",
"links": [
[
"manacen",
"manacen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "manace"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French non-lemma forms",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Hatred"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "menace"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"menace",
"menace#Old_French"
],
[
"manace",
"manace#Old_French"
],
[
"minācia",
"minacia#Latin"
],
[
"mināx",
"minax#Latin"
],
[
"c.",
"circa"
],
[
"manance",
"manance#Middle_English"
],
[
"manaunce",
"manaunce#Middle_English"
],
[
"manaunce",
"manaunce#Old_French"
],
[
"-aunce",
"-aunce#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "menace"
},
"expansion": "Old French menace",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "minācia",
"4": "",
"5": "threat"
},
"expansion": "Latin minācia (“threat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1300"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1300",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-nor",
"2": "manance"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English manance",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "manaunce"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman manaunce",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French menace, manace, from Latin minācia (“threat”), a noun based on mināx (“threatening”). First attested in c. 1300.\nNorthern Middle English manance, manaunce are either from Anglo-Norman manaunce or are alterations after -aunce parallel to it.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "manaces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manaass",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manas",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manass",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manasse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manece",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manance",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "manauce",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "manaunce",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "manace",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "manace (plural manaces)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "manacen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A perceived threat or danger."
],
"links": [
[
"perceived",
"perceived"
],
[
"threat",
"threat"
],
[
"danger",
"danger"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"english": "But even then, they've supported them because of threats: / otherwise the same poor men would've taken their possessions. So therefore it seems like poverty is the whole and main cause of every such rising.",
"ref": "c. 1471, Joh[annes] fforteſcue, “Heꝛe aft͛ ys schewyd what haꝛme would come to Englond yf the cȏmons theꝛof weꝛe pooꝛe”, in [Governance of England] (Bodleian MS. Digby 145), Adrıan[us] ffoꝛteſcu, published 1532, folio [149, recto]; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 16 August 2022:",
"text": "But yet often tymes thay haue gone wᵗ thaym thoꝛowgh manaſys / oꝛ els the ſame poor mēn would haue takyn theır goodꝰ / wheꝛyn ıt ſemyth that pou͛tye hath byn the hole ⁊ cheffe cauſe off al ſuche ryſyng",
"translation": "But even then, they've supported them because of threats: / otherwise the same poor men would've taken their possessions. So therefore it seems like poverty is the whole and main cause of every such rising.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of threatening."
],
"links": [
[
"threatening",
"threatening"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈnaːs(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmanas(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "manace"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French non-lemma forms",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Hatred"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "manace",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "manacen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of manacen"
],
"links": [
[
"manacen",
"manacen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "manace"
}
Download raw JSONL data for manace meaning in Middle English (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.